Hamwe niterambere ryabantu niterambere ryumuryango, ibyo abantu bakeneye imyenda ntabwo ari imirimo yoroshye gusa, ahubwo binita cyane kumutekano wabo nubuzima bwabo, kurengera ibidukikije n’ibidukikije. Muri iki gihe, iyo abantu bashyigikiye ikoreshwa ry’ibidukikije n’icyatsi, umutekano w’imyenda ukurura abantu benshi. Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba imyenda yangiza umubiri wumuntu yabaye kimwe mubice byingenzi abantu bitondera usibye ubuvuzi nibiryo.
Imyenda bivuga fibre naturel na fibre fibre nkibikoresho fatizo, binyuze mukuzunguruka, kuboha, gusiga irangi nubundi buryo bwo gutunganya cyangwa kudoda, guhuriza hamwe nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga kandi bikozwe mubicuruzwa. Harimo imyenda yimyenda, imyenda ishushanya, imyenda yinganda.
Imyenda irimo:(1) imyenda y'ubwoko bwose; (2) ubwoko bwose bwimyenda yimyenda ikoreshwa mugukora imyenda; (3) umurongo, padi, kuzuza, umugozi wo gushushanya, umugozi wo kudoda nibindi bikoresho.
Imyenda ishushanya irimo: (1) ibintu byo mu nzu - umwenda (umwenda, umwenda), imyenda yo kumeza (napkins, igitambaro cyo kumeza), imyenda yo mu nzu (imyenda yubukorikori bwa sofa, igipfukisho cyibikoresho), imitako yimbere (imitako yigitanda, itapi); . (3) Ibikoresho byo hanze (amahema, umutaka, nibindi).
I .Imikorere myiza yimyenda
(1) Ibicuruzwa bisabwa byerekana umutekano. Ibipimo nyamukuru ni:
1.Igipimo gihamye: kigabanijwe cyane cyane mubipimo byimpinduka zogusukura byumye nigipimo cyimpinduka zo gukaraba. Yerekeza ku gipimo cyo guhindura ibipimo by'imyenda nyuma yo gukaraba cyangwa gusukura byumye hanyuma bikuma. Ubwiza bwumutekano bugira ingaruka itaziguye kumikorere yimyenda ningaruka zo kwambara.
2.Imbaraga zifatika zifata: mu ikositimu, amakoti n'ishati, umwenda utwikiriwe n'urwego rw'imyenda idahwitse cyangwa iboheshejwe, ku buryo umwenda ufite gukomera no kwihangana, mu gihe bituma abakiriya batoroha guhinduka no kutamera neza mu buryo bwo kwambara, bakina uruhare rwa “skeleton” y'imyenda. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kandi gukomeza imbaraga zifatika hagati yumurongo wiziritse nigitambara nyuma yo kwambara no gukaraba.
3.Kuzuza: Kwuzura bivuga urwego rwo guswera umwenda nyuma yo guterana. Isura yimyenda iba mibi nyuma yo gusya, bigira ingaruka muburyo bwiza.
4.Gushushanya kunyerera cyangwa kunyerera: kunyerera ntarengwa yintambara kure yurutoki iyo urutoki rutsindagiye kandi rurambuye. Mubisanzwe bivuga urwego rwohejuru rwibicuruzwa byingenzi byimyenda yimyenda nkikiganza cyamaboko, icyuma cyamaboko, icyuma cyuruhande hamwe ninyuma yinyuma. Urwego rwo kunyerera ntirwashoboraga kugera ku gipimo gisanzwe, cyerekanaga imiterere idakwiye y’imyenda y’intambara hamwe n’imyenda idoda mu bikoresho bitondekanye ndetse n’uburemere buke, byagize ingaruka ku buryo bugaragara bwo kwambara ndetse ntibishobora no kwambara.
5.Kumena, gutanyagura cyangwa gukubita, kumena imbaraga: kumena imbaraga ziyobora umwenda kwihanganira imbaraga ntarengwa; Imbaraga zamarira zerekeza kumyenda iboshywe nikintu, ifuni, guhangayikishwa no guturika kwaho no guturika, umugozi cyangwa igitambaro cyo gufatira hafi, kuburyo umwenda watanyaguwe mo kabiri, kandi bakunze kwita amarira: guturika, guturika imyenda yerekana ibikoresho byahamagaye kwaguka no guturika, ibi bipimo ntabwo byujuje ibisabwa, bigira ingaruka kumikorere no mubuzima bwa serivisi.
6.Ibirimo bya fibre: bisobanura fibre yibigize hamwe nubunini bukubiye mumyenda. Ibirimo bya fibre namakuru yingenzi yingenzi ategeka abaguzi kugura ibicuruzwa nimwe mubintu byingenzi bigena agaciro k'ibicuruzwa, bimwe bitambuka nkana kuri shod, gutambutsa impimbano, ibimenyetso bimwe kubushake, kwitiranya ibitekerezo, kubeshya abaguzi.
7.
8.Ibisabwa byo kudoda bigaragara: harimo gupima ibipimo, ubusembwa bwubuso, kudoda, ibyuma, umugozi, irangi nibitandukaniro ryamabara, nibindi, kugirango usuzume isura ubara inenge. By'umwihariko, impinja nk'itsinda ryugarijwe n'ibibazo, buri gihe twibanze ku kurinda icyo kintu, impinja zikoresha imyenda ni imikoranire itaziguye n'ibikenerwa buri munsi by'abana, umutekano, ihumure, ababyeyi ndetse na sosiyete yose nibyo byibandwaho. Kurugero, ibisabwa mubicuruzwa bifite zipper, uburebure bwumugozi, ubunini bwa cola, umwanya wo kudoda ikirango kiranga ikirango kirambye, ibisabwa kumitako, nibisabwa mugice cyo gucapa byose birimo umutekano.
(2) Imyenda ikoreshwa, ibikoresho niba hari ibintu byangiza. Ibipimo nyamukuru ni：
Ibirimo bya fordehide:
1.Formaldehyde ikoreshwa kenshi muburyo bwo kurangiza fibre yuzuye yimyenda yimyenda hamwe nigitambara kivanze no kurangiza ibicuruzwa bimwe byimyenda. Ifite imikorere yicyuma cyubusa, kugabanuka, kutagira inkeke no kwanduza byoroshye. Imyenda yimyenda irimo fordehide ikabije, formaldehyde mugikorwa cyabantu bambara izarekurwa buhoro buhoro, guhumeka no guhura nuruhu binyuze mumubiri wumuntu, formaldehyde mumubiri wimyanya yubuhumekero ya mucous membrane hamwe nuruhu itanga imbaraga zikomeye, itera indwara zifitanye isano kandi ishobora gutera kanseri, gufata igihe kirekire kumyunyu ngugu, kwandura, kwandura, kwanduza indwara tracheitis, chromosomal idasanzwe, no kugabanuka kurwanywa.
Agaciro
Agaciro PH nigipimo gikunze gukoreshwa cyerekana imbaraga za aside na alkaline, muri rusange hagati ya 0 ~ 14. Uruhu rwumuntu rutwara aside irike kugirango irinde indwara kwinjira. Kubwibyo, imyenda, cyane cyane ibicuruzwa bihura neza nuruhu, bigira ingaruka zo kurinda uruhu niba agaciro ka pH gashobora kugenzurwa murwego rwa neutre na aside idakomeye. Niba atari byo, irashobora kurakaza uruhu, igatera kwangirika kwuruhu, bagiteri, nindwara.
3. Kwihuta kw'amabara
Kwihuta kw'amabara bivuga ubushobozi bw'imyenda irangi cyangwa yacapishijwe kugirango igumane ibara ryumwimerere kandi irabagirana (cyangwa ntizishire) munsi y'ibikorwa bitandukanye byo hanze mugihe cyo gusiga irangi, gucapa cyangwa gukoresha. Kwihuta kw'amabara ntabwo bifitanye isano gusa nubwiza bwibicuruzwa byimyenda, ahubwo bifitanye isano nubuzima numutekano byumubiri wumuntu. Ibicuruzwa byimyenda, amarangi cyangwa pigment bifite umuvuduko muke wamabara birashobora kwimurwa byoroshye kuruhu, kandi ibinyabuzima byangiza hamwe nibyuma biremereye ion zirimo bishobora kwinjizwa numubiri wumuntu binyuze muruhu. Mugihe cyoroshye, barashobora gutuma abantu barwara; mubihe bikomeye, birashobora gutera erythma na papula hejuru yuruhu, ndetse bigatera kanseri. By'umwihariko, amacandwe n'ibyuya byerekana ibara ryihuta ry'ibicuruzwa by'uruhinja ni ngombwa cyane. Impinja n'abana barashobora gukuramo ibara binyuze mumacandwe no kubira ibyuya, kandi amarangi yangiza mumyenda azatera ingaruka mbi kubana ndetse nabana.
4. Impumuro idasanzwe
Imyenda itujuje ubuziranenge akenshi iherekezwa numunuko runaka, kubaho kunuka byerekana ko hari ibisigazwa byimiti bikabije kumyenda, nicyo kimenyetso cyoroshye kubakoresha guca imanza. Nyuma yo gufungura, imyenda irashobora gufatwa nkimpumuro iyo ihumura kimwe cyangwa byinshi bya peteroli, peteroli nyinshi, peteroli, amafi, cyangwa hydrocarbone nziza.
5.Ibara rya Azo ryabujijwe
Irangi rya azo ryabujijwe ubwaryo kandi nta ngaruka ziterwa na kanseri itaziguye, ariko mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane kwihuta kw'ibara rike, igice cy'irangi kizimurirwa ku ruhu rw'umuntu ruva mu mwenda, mu gihe cyo guhinduranya metabolisme isanzwe y'umubiri w'umuntu wa catalizike ya biologiya munsi yo kugabanuka kwa amine aromatic, ndetse na kanseri y'umubiri Indu, ndetse na ADN y'umwimerere.
6. Amabara atandukanye
Allergic dyestuff bivuga amarangi amwe ashobora gutera uruhu, ururenda cyangwa imyanya y'ubuhumekero allergie yabantu cyangwa inyamaswa. Kugeza ubu, habonetse amoko 27 y’amabara akanguriwe, harimo amoko 26 y’irangi ritatanye hamwe n’ubwoko 1 bwa irangi. Amabara atatanye akoreshwa mugusiga irangi cyangwa ivanze rya polyester, polyamide na acetate fibre.
7.Icyuma kiremereye
Gukoresha irangi risize irangi ni isoko yingenzi yibyuma biremereye mumyenda kandi fibre yibimera irashobora kandi gukuramo ibyuma biremereye biva mubutaka cyangwa ikirere cyanduye mugihe cyo gukura no gutunganya. Mubyongeyeho, ibikoresho byimyenda nka zipper, buto birashobora kandi kuba birimo ibyuma biremereye byubusa. Ibisigazwa by'ibyuma biremereye cyane mu myenda bizatera uburozi bukomeye bwo guhumeka bimaze kwinjizwa n'umubiri w'umuntu binyuze mu ruhu.
8.Ibisigisigi byica udukoko
Ahanini ibaho mumiti yica udukoko (pamba), ibisigisigi byica udukoko mumyenda muri rusange ni imiterere ihamye, bigoye okiside, kubora, uburozi, byinjizwa numubiri wumuntu binyuze muruhu kugirango bikusanyirize hamwe bibaho mumyanya yumubiri, ndetse numwijima, impyiko, kwirundanya kwumutima, nko kwivanga gusohora kwa sintezez mumubiri. Kurekura, metabolism, nibindi
9.Gutwika imyenda rusange
Nubwo hariho uburyo bwo gupima imyenda irenga icumi yo gutwika imyenda, ariko ihame ryo kwipimisha rishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: kimwe ni ukugerageza icyitegererezo cyimyenda yoroheje mumitwe itandukanye ya ogisijeni, azote, ijanisha rya byibuze bikenewe kugirango ikomeze gutwikwa mumyuka ivanze, ibirimo ogisijeni (bizwi kandi ko igipimo cya ogisijeni kigabanya ubukana.Icyerekezo cya kabiri ni cyo cyerekezo cyo gutwika imyenda. gerageza imyenda ya flame point hanyuma ubeho gutwikwa (harimo no gutwika umwotsi) .Mu ihame ryikizamini, hariho indangagaciro nyinshi ziranga imikorere yo gutwika imyenda. Hano hari ibipimo byujuje ubuziranenge kugirango bisobanure ibiranga gutwikwa, nko kumenya niba icyitegererezo cyatwitswe, gushonga, karuboni, pyrolysis, kugabanuka, gutonyanga no gushonga, n'ibindi. Hariho kandi ibipimo byerekana umubare wo gutwika, nk'uburebure bw'umuriro cyangwa ubugari (cyangwa igipimo cyo gutwika), igihe cyo gutwika n'umwanya wo gukwirakwiza umuriro, igihe cyo gukwirakwizwa n'umuriro, igihe cyo gukwirakwizwa n'umuriro, igihe cyo gukwirakwizwa n'umuriro, igihe cyo gukwirakwizwa n'umuriro, igihe cyo gukwirakwizwa n'umuriro
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-10-2021