Nubwo pulasitiki ifite imiterere myiza myinshi, si ubwoko bwose bwa pulasitiki bushobora kugira imiterere myiza yose. Injeniyeri mu bikoresho n'abashushanya inganda bagomba gusobanukirwa imiterere ya pulasitiki zitandukanye kugira ngo bashushanye ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bitunganye. Imiterere ya pulasitiki, ishobora kugabanywamo imiterere y'ibanze, imiterere ya mashini, imiterere y'ubushyuhe, imiterere ya chimique, imiterere y'amatara n'imiterere y'amashanyarazi, n'ibindi. Plastiki z'ubuhanga ziva mu nganda zikoreshwa nk'ibice by'inganda cyangwa ibikoresho by'imashini. Ni pulasitiki ifite imbaraga nziza, irwanya ingaruka, irwanya ubushyuhe, gukomera no kurwanya gusaza. Inganda z'Abayapani zizayisobanura nk'"ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibice by'imiterere n'imikorere ya pulasitiki ikora neza, irwanya ubushyuhe burenga 100°C, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda".
Hasi turagaragaza bimwe mu bikunze gukoreshwaIbikoresho byo gupima:
1.Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amazi ashonga(Ikigo cy’imari n’imigabane):
Ikoreshwa mu gupima igipimo cy'umuvuduko wa MFR w'imashini zitandukanye za pulasitiki na resins mu gihe cy'umuvuduko utose. Ikwiriye pulasitiki z'ubuhanga nka polycarbonate, polyarylsulfone, pulasitiki ya fluorine, nylon n'izindi zifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gushonga. Ikwiriye kandi polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), ABS resin, polyformaldehyde (POM), polycarbonate (PC) resin n'izindi mashini zishonga ni ikizamini gito. Yujuje ibipimo: ISO 1133, ASTM D1238, GB/T3682
Uburyo bwo gupima ni ukureka uduce twa pulasitiki tugashonga mu mazi ya pulasitiki mu gihe runaka (iminota 10), munsi y'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko runaka (ibipimo bitandukanye by'ibikoresho bitandukanye), hanyuma tugasohoka mu murambararo wa 2.095mm w'umubare wa garama (g). Uko agaciro kaba kanini, niko ingano y'amazi ya pulasitiki irushaho kuba nziza, n'ibindi. Igipimo gikoreshwa cyane mu gupima ni ASTM D 1238. Igikoresho gipima iki gipimo ni Melt Indexer. Uburyo bwihariye bwo gukora iki gipimo ni: ibikoresho bya polymer (plastiki) bigomba kugeragezwa bishyirwa mu mwobo muto, kandi impera y'uwo mwobo ihuzwa n'umuyoboro muto, umurambararo wawo ukaba 2.095mm, n'uburebure bw'uwo mwobo ukaba 8mm. Nyuma yo gushyushya kugeza ku bushyuhe runaka, impera yo hejuru y'ibikoresho fatizo imanukana n'uburemere runaka bukoreshwa na piston, kandi uburemere bw'ibikoresho fatizo bupimwa mu minota 10, ari na yo ngero y'amazi ya pulasitiki. Hari igihe uzabona ishusho ya MI25g/iminota 10, bivuze ko garama 25 za plastiki zakuwemo mu minota 10. Agaciro ka MI ka plastiki zisanzwe zikoreshwa ni hagati ya 1 na 25. Uko MI iba nini, ni ko ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho fatizo bya plastiki bugabanuka kandi uburemere bwa molekile bugabanuka; bitabaye ibyo, ubushyuhe bwa plastiki burushaho kuba bwinshi kandi uburemere bwa molekile burushaho kuba bwinshi.
2. Imashini ipima umupira (UTM)
Imashini ipima ibikoresho bya pulasitiki ku isi yose (imashini ikoresha uburyo bwo gukurura, gukata, gupfunyika n'ibindi bikoresho bya pulasitiki.
Ishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bikurikira:
1)Imbaraga zo gukurura&Kurekura:
Imbaraga zo gukurura, zizwi kandi nka imbaraga zo gukurura, yerekeza ku bunini bw'imbaraga zisabwa kugira ngo ibikoresho bya pulasitiki biramburwe ku rugero runaka, akenshi bigaragazwa n'imbaraga zingana kuri buri gice, kandi igipimo cy'uburebure bwo gukurura ni uburebure. Imbaraga zo gukurura Umuvuduko wo gukurura w'ingero ubusanzwe ni 5.0 ~ 6.5mm / min. Uburyo burambuye bwo gupima nk'uko ASTM D638 ibivuga.
2)Imbaraga zoroshye&Imbaraga zo kunama:
Imbaraga zo gupfunyika, zizwi kandi nka imbaraga zo gupfunyika, zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kumenya imbaraga zo gupfunyika za pulasitiki. Zishobora kugeragezwa hakurikijwe uburyo bwa ASTMD790 kandi akenshi zigaragazwa hakurikijwe imbaraga zingana kuri buri gice. Plastiki rusange nka PVC, Melamine resin, epoxy resin na polyester imbaraga zo gupfunyika ni zo nziza cyane. Fiberglass nayo ikoreshwa mu kunoza imbaraga zo gupfunyika za pulasitiki. Gupfunyika bivuze imbaraga zo gupfunyika ziva kuri buri gice cy'ingano y'impinduka mu gipimo cya elastic iyo icyitegererezo gipfunyika (uburyo bwo gupima nko gukomera ko gupfunyika). Muri rusange, uko gupfunyika kwiyongera, ni ko gukomera kw'ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bigenda birushaho kuba byiza.
3)Imbaraga zo gukanda:
Ingufu zo gukanda yerekeza ku bushobozi bwa pulasitiki bwo kwihanganira imbaraga zo gukanda zo hanze. Agaciro k'ikizamini gashobora kugenwa hakurikijwe uburyo bwa ASTMD695. Polyacetal, polyester, acrylic, urethral resins na meramine resins bifite umwihariko muri uru rwego.
3.Imashini ipima ingaruka za Cantilever/ Sicyuma gipima ingaruka z'imirasire gishyigikiwe
Ikoreshwa mu gupima ubukana bw'ingaruka z'ibikoresho bitari ibyuma nka pulasitiki ikomeye, umuyoboro, ibikoresho bifite ishusho yihariye, nylon ishyigikiwe, pulasitiki ikoresha fibre y'ikirahure, ceramic, ibikoresho bikingira amashanyarazi by'amabuye, nibindi.
Dukurikije amahame mpuzamahanga ya ISO180-1992 “kugena imbaraga z’icyuma gipima imiterere y’icyuma gikoresha pulasitiki”; Uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y’icyuma gikoresha pulasitiki gikoresha pulasitiki isanzwe GB/ T1843-1996, “uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y’icyuma gikoresha pulasitiki isanzwe”, ubusanzwe JB/ T8761-1998 “imashini ipima imiterere y’icyuma gikoresha pulasitiki”.
4. Ibizamini by'ibidukikije: kwigana uburyo ibikoresho bihangana n'ikirere.
1) Imashini ipima ubushyuhe buhoraho, imashini ipima ubushyuhe buhoraho n'ubushuhe ni ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, iby'indege, imodoka, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, amarangi, inganda z'imiti, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi mu bice nko ku buryo ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bihamye, bikenewe ku bice by'inganda, ibice by'ibanze, ibikoresho birangira neza, amashanyarazi, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'ibindi, ibice n'ibikoresho kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe buke, ubukonje, ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa isuzuma rihoraho ry'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe.
2) Agasanduku ko gupima gusaza neza, agasanduku ko gupima gusaza ka UV (urumuri rwa ultraviolet), agasanduku ko gupima ubushyuhe buri hejuru n'ubukonje,
3) Igipimo cy'ihungabana ry'ubushyuhe gishobora gutegurwa
4) Imashini ipima ubukonje n'ubushyuhe ni ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi, iby'indege, iby'imodoka, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibirahure, inganda z'ibinyabutabire, inganda z'ingabo z'igihugu, inganda za gisirikare, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n'ibindi bikoresho bikenewe byo gupima, Ikwiriye impinduka zifatika z'ibice n'ibikoresho by'ibindi bicuruzwa nk'amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi, ibice bya semiconductor, ibice by'ikoranabuhanga, ibice by'imodoka n'inganda zikoresha mudasobwa kugira ngo igerageze uburyo ibikoresho bidashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje bukabije hamwe n'impinduka mu binyabutabire cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje bukabije.
5) Icyumba cyo gupimisha gisimburana ubushyuhe buri hejuru n'ubushyuhe buke
6) Icyumba cy'ibizamini byo kurwanya ikirere cya Xenon-lamp
7) Igipimo cya HDT VICAT
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-10-2021