Nubwo plastiki ifite ibintu byinshi byiza, ntabwo ubwoko bwa plastike bushobora kugira ibintu byiza byose.Abashinzwe ibikoresho n'abashushanya inganda bagomba kumva imiterere ya plastiki zitandukanye kugirango bashushanye ibicuruzwa byiza bya plastiki.Umutungo wa plastiki, urashobora kugabanywa mubintu byibanze byumubiri, umutungo wubukanishi, umutungo wubushyuhe, umutungo wimiti, umutungo wa optique numutungo wamashanyarazi, nibindi.Nibintu bya plastiki bifite imbaraga zidasanzwe, birwanya ingaruka, kurwanya ubushyuhe, ubukana nibintu birwanya gusaza.Inganda z’Abayapani zizasobanura ko "zishobora gukoreshwa nkibice byubatswe nubukanishi bwa plastiki ikora cyane, kurwanya ubushyuhe hejuru ya 100 ℃, bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda".
Hano hepfo tuzerekana urutonde rusanzwe rukoreshwaibikoresho byo kwipimisha:
1.Gushonga Urutonde(MFI):
Byakoreshejwe mugupima umuvuduko wo gutemba MFR agaciro ka plastiki zitandukanye hamwe nibisigara mumiterere yimitsi.Irakwiranye na plastiki yubuhanga nka polyakarubone, polyarylsulfone, plastiki ya fluor, nylon nibindi hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi.Birakenewe kandi kuri polyethylene (PE), polystirene (PS), polypropilene (PP), ABS resin, polyformaldehyde (POM), polikarubone (PC) hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gushonga bwa plastike ni ikizamini gito.Kuzuza ibipimo: ISO 1133, ASTM D1238, GB / T3682
Uburyo bwo kwipimisha ni ukureka ibice bya pulasitike bigashonga mumazi ya plastike mugihe runaka (iminota 10), munsi yubushyuhe nigitutu runaka (ibipimo bitandukanye kubikoresho bitandukanye), hanyuma bigasohoka binyuze mumurambararo wa 2.095mm yumubare wa garama (g).Ninshi agaciro, nibyiza gutunganya ibintu bya plastiki, nibindi.Ikizamini gikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni ASTM D 1238. Igikoresho cyo gupima iki gipimo ngenderwaho ni Melt Indexer.Igikorwa cyihariye cyibikorwa byikizamini ni: ibikoresho bya polymer (plastike) bigomba gupimwa bishyirwa mumashanyarazi mato, kandi impera yumusozo ihujwe numuyoboro muto, diameter ya 2.095mm, n'uburebure bwa umuyoboro ni 8mm.Nyuma yo gushyushya ubushyuhe runaka, impera yo hejuru yibikoresho fatizo iranyeganyezwa hepfo nuburemere runaka bwashyizwe kuri piston, kandi uburemere bwibikoresho fatizo bupimwa muminota 10, aribwo igipimo cyerekana ibintu bya plastiki.Rimwe na rimwe uzabona guhagararirwa MI25g / 10min, bivuze ko garama 25 za plastiki zasohotse muminota 10.Agaciro MI ya plastiki ikunze gukoreshwa ni hagati ya 1 na 25. Iyo MI nini nini, niko ubukonje bwibikoresho fatizo bya plastike nuburemere buke bwa molekile;bitabaye ibyo, uko ubunini bwa plastike nubunini bwa molekile nini.
2.Imashini Yipimisha Tensile Universal (UTM)
Imashini isuzuma ibikoresho byose (imashini ya tensile): kugerageza uburakari, gutanyagura, kunama nibindi bikoresho bya mashini byibikoresho bya plastiki.
Irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bikurikira:
1)Imbaraga&Kurambura:
Imbaraga zingana, zizwi kandi nkimbaraga zingutu, bivuga ubunini bwingufu zisabwa kugirango urambure ibikoresho bya plastike kurwego runaka, mubisanzwe bigaragazwa ukurikije imbaraga zingana kuri buri gice, kandi ijanisha ryuburebure ni ukurambura.Imbaraga zingutu Umuvuduko ukabije wikigereranyo ni 5.0 ~ 6.5mm / min.Uburyo burambuye bwikizamini ukurikije ASTM D638.
2)Imbaraga zoroshye&Imbaraga:
Imbaraga zunama, zizwi kandi nkimbaraga zidasanzwe, zikoreshwa cyane cyane mukumenya guhangana na plastike.Irashobora kugeragezwa ikurikije uburyo bwa ASTMD790 kandi ikunze kugaragazwa ukurikije imbaraga zingana kuri buri gace.Amashanyarazi rusange kuri PVC, Melamine resin, epoxy resin na polyester yunama imbaraga nibyiza.Fiberglass nayo ikoreshwa mugutezimbere ububiko bwa plastike.Kwunama kwa elastique bivuga guhangayikishwa no kugabanuka kugizwe na buri gipimo cya deformasiyo murwego rwa elastike mugihe icyitegererezo cyunamye (uburyo bwikizamini nko kugonda imbaraga).Muri rusange, uko elastique igoramye, niko gukomera kwibikoresho bya plastiki.
3)Imbaraga zo guhonyora:
Imbaraga zo kwikuramo bivuga ubushobozi bwa plastike bwo guhangana nimbaraga zo kwikuramo hanze.Agaciro k'ikizamini gashobora kugenwa ukurikije uburyo bwa ASTMD695.Polyacetal, polyester, acrylic, urethral resin na meramin resin bifite ibintu byingenzi muriki cyerekezo.
3.Imashini igerageza ingaruka/ Sbivuze gushyigikira imashini igerageza
Ikoreshwa mugupima ingaruka zikomeye kubikoresho bitari ibyuma nkurupapuro rukomeye rwa pulasitike, umuyoboro, ibikoresho byihariye, nylon ishimangiwe, fibre yibirahure ikomeza plastiki, ceramique, ibikoresho byubaka amashanyarazi, nibindi.
Dukurikije amahame mpuzamahanga ISO180-1992 “plastike - ibikoresho bikomeye bya cantilever bigena imbaraga”;Igipimo ngenderwaho cyigihugu GB / T1843-1996 "uburyo bwo gupima ingaruka zikomeye za plastike ya cantilever", inganda zikora imashini JB / T8761-1998 "imashini igerageza ingaruka za plastike".
4.Ibizamini bidukikije: kwigana ibihe birwanya ibikoresho.
1. ibice byibanze, ibicuruzwa byarangije igice, amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nibindi bicuruzwa, ibice nibikoresho byubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubushyuhe buke, ubukonje, ubushuhe nubushyuhe cyangwa guhora bipimisha ubushyuhe nubushuhe bwibidukikije.
2) Agasanduku k'ibizamini bisobanutse neza, agasanduku k'ibizamini bya UV (urumuri ultraviolet), agasanduku k'ibipimo byo hejuru n'ubushyuhe buke,
3) Ikizamini cya Thermal Shock Ikizamini
4. ibice nibikoresho byibindi bicuruzwa nka foto yamashanyarazi, semiconductor, ibice bifitanye isano na elegitoroniki, ibice byimodoka ninganda zijyanye na mudasobwa kugirango hamenyekane inshuro nyinshi guhangana n’ibikoresho ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’imiti cyangwa kwangirika kw’ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyo kwagura ubushyuhe no kugabanuka gukonje. .
5) Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke busimburana
6) Xenon-itara Urugereko rwo Kurwanya Ikirere
7) IKIZAMINI CYA VICAT
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-10-2021